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Study of Chinese Learners' Pedagogical Choices in Korean In addition to the learner-internal aspects CLKs' understanding of their own resistance to change and the relational affordances they had access to were important. For instance the RIs of TS and ZL both cited their local professor relationships as a significant factor in their pragmatic choice to not criticize a strict professor (see the example 2). This article examines all local pragmatic research on Korean published until 2020. It focuses on practical important topics such as: Discourse Construction Tests (DCTs) The discourse completion test (DCT) is an instrument that is widely used in research that is based on pragmatic principles. It has many advantages however, it also has a few drawbacks. For instance the DCT is unable to account for cultural and individual differences in communication. The DCT can also be biased and can lead to overgeneralizations. As a result, it should be analyzed carefully before using it for research or assessment purposes. Despite 프라그마틱 체험 can be a useful instrument to study the connection between prosody, information structure, and non-native speakers. The ability to alter social variables that affect the manner of speaking in two or more steps could be a strength. This feature can help researchers understand the role of prosody in communication across different cultural contexts, which is a major issue in cross-cultural pragmatics. In the field of linguistics the DCT has emerged as one of the most important tools to analyze learners' behavior in communication. It can be used to study various issues such as politeness, turn-taking, and lexical selection. It can be used to assess the phonological complexity of learners speaking. A recent study used the DCT to assess EFL students' refusal skills. The participants were given a list of scenarios and were required to choose a suitable response from the options provided. The authors found the DCT to be more efficient than other methods of refusal like a questionnaire or video recordings. However, the researchers warned that the DCT should be used with caution and should include other types of data collection methods. DCTs can be designed with specific linguistic criteria, such as design and content. These criteria are based on intuition and based on the assumptions of test creators. They may not be precise and could misrepresent how ELF learners actually respond to requests in real-world interactions. This issue calls for more research on alternative methods of measuring refusal competence. In a recent research study, DCT responses to student inquiries via email were compared to the responses of an oral DCT. The results showed that the DCT encouraged more direct and traditionally form-based requests and a lower use of hints than the email data did. Metapragmatic Questionnaires (MQs) This study investigated Chinese learners making pragmatic choices when using Korean. It used various tools for experimentation such as Discourse Completion Tasks, metapragmatic questions and Refusal Interviews. Participants were 46 CLKs of upper-intermediate ability who provided responses to DCTs and MQs. They were also required to provide reflections on their assessments and their refusals to participate in RIs. The results revealed that CLKs often chose to resist native Korean pragmatic norms. Their decisions were influenced by four factors: their personalities and multilingual identities, their ongoing lives, as well as their relationship affordances. These findings have implications for pedagogy for L2 Korean assessment and teaching. The MQ data was first analyzed to identify the participants' actual choices. The data were categorized according to Ishihara's (2010) definition of pragmatic resistance. Then, we compared their selections with their linguistic performance on DCTs in order to determine if they were a sign of pragmatic resistance. Interviewees were also required to explain the reasons for choosing the pragmatic approach in certain situations. The results of the MQs, DCTs and z-tests were examined using descriptive statistics and Z tests. The CLKs were found to use euphemistic words like “sorry” or “thank you”. This was probably due to their lack of experience with the target languages, leading to an inadequate understanding of the korean pragmatic norms. The results showed that the CLKs' preferences for converging to L1 or dissociating from both L1 and L2 pragmatic norms varied by the DCT situations. In situations 3 and 12 CLKs preferred diverging from both L1pragmatic norms and L2 norms, while in Situation 14, CLKs preferred convergence to L1 norms. The RIs revealed that CLKs were aware of their pragmatic resistance to each DCT situation. The RIs were conducted on a one-to-one basis in the space of two days of participants having completed the MQs. The RIs, which were recorded and transcribed by two coders independent of each other, were then coded. The code was re-coded repeatedly by the coders, re-reading and discussing each transcript. The results of coding are compared with the original RI transcripts to determine how well they captured the underlying pragmatic behavior. Interviews for refusal The central issue in research on pragmatics is: Why do some learners choose not to accept native-speaker norms? A recent study sought to answer this question by employing a range of experimental tools, including DCTs, MQs and RIs. Participants included 44 CLKs and 46 CNSs from five Korean Universities. Participants were asked to complete the DCTs and MQs either in their L1 or L2 levels. Then, they were invited to a RI where they were asked reflect on their responses to the DCT situations. The results showed that on average, the CLKs disapproved of the pragmatic norms of native speakers in more than 40% of their responses. They did so even though they could create patterns that resembled native ones. In addition, they were conscious of their own pragmatism. They attributed their choice to learner-internal factors such as their personalities and multilingual identities. They also mentioned external factors, such as relationships and advantages. For example, they described how their relationships with professors led to an easier performance in regards to the intercultural and linguistic norms of their university. However, 프라그마틱 슬롯 환수율 expressed concerns about the social pressures and consequences that they might be subjected to if they strayed from the local social norms. They were concerned that their native counterparts might perceive them as “foreignersand believe that they are unintelligent. This concern was similar in nature to the one expressed by Brown (2013) and Ishihara (2009). These results suggest that native-speaker pragmatic norms are no longer the default preference of Korean learners. They could still be useful as a model for official Korean proficiency tests. However, it is prudent for future researchers to reconsider their applicability in specific situations and in various cultural contexts. This will allow them to better understand how different cultural environments could affect the practical behavior of students in the classroom and beyond. This will also help educators create better methods for teaching and testing Korean pragmatics. Seukhoon Paul Choi, principal advisor at Stratways Group in Seoul, is a geopolitical risk consultancy. Case Studies The case study method is an investigative technique that relies on participant-centered, deep investigations to explore a specific subject. This method uses multiple data sources including documents, interviews, and observations to prove its findings. This type of investigation is ideal for studying complicated or unique subjects that are difficult to quantify using other methods. In a case study the first step is to clearly define the subject and the goals of the study. This will help determine what aspects of the subject matter are essential for investigation and which ones are best left out. It is also beneficial to read the research to gain a broad understanding of the subject. It will also help put the issue in a wider theoretical context. This study was based on an open source platform, the KMMLU leaderboard [50] and its benchmarks that are specific to Korea, HyperCLOVA X and LDCC-Solar (figure 1 below). The results of this experiment showed that L2 Korean learners were particularly susceptible to the influence of native models. They were more likely to select incorrect answers which were literal interpretations. This was a deviation from the correct pragmatic inference. They also exhibited an unnatural tendency to include their own text, or “garbage,” to their responses, further reducing their response quality. Additionally, the participants in this case study were primarily L2 Korean learners who had achieved level 4 on the Test of Proficiency in Korean (TOPIK) in their second or third year of university and were aiming for level 6 for their next test. They were asked to respond to questions about their WTC/SPCC as well as pragmatic awareness and comprehension. Interviewees were presented with two hypothetical situations which involved interactions with their co-workers and asked to select one of the strategies below to use when making demands. They were then asked to explain the reasoning behind their choice. Most of the participants attributed their lack of a pragmatic response to their personalities. For example, TS claimed that she was difficult to connect to, and she therefore refused to ask about the health of her interlocutors despite having a heavy workload, even though she believed that native Koreans would ask.