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Study of Chinese Learners' Pedagogical Choices in Korean In addition to learner-internal influences CLKs' awareness of pragmatic resistance and the relationship advantages they had access to were significant. For instance the RIs from TS and ZL both cited their local professor relationships as an important reason for them to choose to not criticize a strict professor (see example 2). This article examines all local pragmatic research on Korean published up to 2020. It focuses on key practical issues, including: Discourse Construction Tests (DCTs) The Discourse Completion Test (DCT) is an instrument that is widely used in the field of pragmatic research. It has many advantages, but also a few disadvantages. The DCT is one example. It is unable to account for cultural and individual variations. Furthermore the DCT is susceptible to bias and can cause overgeneralizations. As a result, it is important to analyze it carefully prior to using it for research or for assessment purposes. Despite its limitations the DCT is a valuable tool for analyzing the connection between prosody, information structure and non-native speakers. The ability to manipulate social variables that affect politeness in two or more steps can be a strength. This feature can help researchers to study the role played by prosody in communication across cultural contexts, which is a major issue in cross-cultural pragmatics. In the field of linguistics DCT is among the most useful tools to analyze the communication habits of learners. It can be used to investigate numerous issues, like politeness, turn-taking, and the choices made in lexical use. It can be used to evaluate the phonological complexity of learners speaking. Recent research used the DCT as a tool to assess the refusal skills of EFL students. Participants were presented with a range of scenarios to choose from, and then asked to select the most appropriate response. The authors discovered that the DCT to be more effective than other refusal methods, such as videos or questionnaires. However, the researchers cautioned that the DCT should be employed with caution and include other types of methods for collecting data. DCTs are typically designed with specific linguistic criteria in mind, such as content and form. These criteria are based on intuition and based on the assumptions of test designers. They may not be precise and could misrepresent the way ELF learners actually respond to requests in real-world interactions. This issue requires further studies of different methods of assessing refusal competence. A recent study has compared DCT responses to requests made by students via email versus the responses gathered from an oral DCT. The results showed that DCTs favored more direct and conventionally indirect request forms and used more hints than email data. Metapragmatic Questionnaires (MQs) This study explored Chinese learners' decisions regarding their use of Korean using a variety of tools that were tested, including Discourse Completion Tasks (DCTs) as well as metapragmatic questionnaires and Refusal Interviews (RIs). The participants were 46 CLKs of upper-intermediate who participated in MQs, DCTs, and RIs. They were also asked to reflect on their evaluation and refusal performances in RIs. The results indicated that the CLKs frequently chose to resist native Korean pragmatic norms, and their decisions were influenced by four major factors that included their personalities, their multilingual identities, ongoing life histories, and relational affordances. These findings have implications for pedagogy for L2 Korean assessment. The MQ data was analyzed in order to identify the participants' practical choices. The data was categorized according Ishihara (2010)'s definition of pragmatic resistance. Then, the choices were matched with their linguistic performance in the DCTs to determine if they reflected pragmatic resistance or not. Additionally, the participants were asked to explain their choice of pragmatic behavior in a specific situation. The results of the MQs, DCTs and z-tests were examined using descriptive statistics and Z tests. The CLKs were found to employ euphemistic phrases such as “sorry” or “thank you”. This is likely due to their lack of familiarity with the target languages, which led to an inadequate understanding of the korean pragmatic norms. The results showed that CLKs' preference to diverge from L1 and 2 norms or to be more convergent towards L1 norms varied based on the DCT situations. For instance, in Situations 3 and 12 the CLKs would prefer to diverge from both L1 and L2 pragmatic norms whereas in Situation 14 they favored a convergence to L1 norms. The RIs further revealed that CLKs were aware of their own pragmatism in each DCT situation. The RIs were conducted one-toone within two days after the participants completed the MQs. The RIs, which were recorded and transcribed by two independent coders who then coded them. The coding process was an iterative process, in which the coders discussed and read each transcript. The coding results were then compared to the original RI transcripts, which gave an indication of how the RIs accurately portrayed the core behavior. Interviews for refusal One of the major questions in pragmatic research is why some learners choose to resist native-speaker pragmatic norms. Recent research sought to answer this question by using various experiments, including DCTs MQs and RIs. 프라그마틱 슬롯 환수율 were comprised of 46 CLKs, 44 CNSs, and 45 KNSs from five Korean universities. Participants were required to complete the DCTs and MQs either in their L1 or their L2. Then they were invited to a RI where they were asked to think about their responses to the DCT situations. The results showed that on average, the CLKs disapproved of native-speaker pragmatic norms in over 40% of their responses. They did this even though they were able to produce patterns that resembled native speakers. They were aware of their practical resistance. They attributed their decisions to learner-internal aspects such as their personalities and multilingual identities as well as ongoing life experiences. They also referred external factors, like relational benefits. They outlined, for instance how their interactions with their professors helped them to function more easily in terms of the linguistic and social expectations of their university. The interviewees expressed their concern about the social pressures or penalties they could be subject to if their local social norms were violated. They were concerned that their native counterparts might view them as “foreignersand believe that they are unintelligent. This was a concern similar to the concerns expressed by Brown (2013) and Ishihara (2009). These findings suggest that native speakers' pragmatic norms are not the default preference for Korean learners. They could still be a useful model for official Korean proficiency tests. But it is advisable for future researchers to reassess their applicability in specific situations and in various contexts. This will allow them to better comprehend how different environments could affect the practical behavior of students in the classroom and beyond. Furthermore this will allow educators to develop more effective methodologies for teaching and testing the korea-based pragmatics. Seukhoon Paul Choi, principal advisor at Stratways Group in Seoul, is a geopolitical risk consulting. Case Studies The case study method is an investigational strategy that employs participant-centered, in-depth studies to study a specific subject. This method makes use of numerous sources of information like interviews, observations, and documents, to prove its findings. This kind of investigation can be used to study specific or complicated topics that are difficult for other methods to assess. The first step in the case study is to define the subject and the goals of the study. This will help you determine which aspects of the topic must be investigated and which aspects can be left out. It is also useful to read the literature to gain a better understanding of the subject and put the issue within a larger theoretical framework. This case study was based upon an open-source platform, the KMMLU Leaderboard [50] along with its Korean-specific benchmarks HyperCLOVA X and LDCC Solar (figure 1 below). The results of the study showed that L2 Korean students were highly susceptible to native models. They were more likely to choose incorrect answers that were literal interpretations of prompts, thereby ignoring the correct pragmatic inference. They also showed a strong tendency to include their own text or “garbage” to their responses. This lowered the quality of their responses. The participants in this study were all L2 Korean students who had reached level four on the Test of Proficiency in Korean TOPIK in their third or second year at university and hoped to attain level six on their next attempt. They were asked to answer questions about their WTC/SPCC as well as comprehension and pragmatic awareness. The interviewees were given two situations, each involving a hypothetical interaction with their co-workers and were asked to select one of the following strategies when making a request. They were then asked to explain the reasoning behind their choice. Most of the participants attributed their pragmatic resistance to their personality. For instance, TS claimed that she was hard to get close to, and so she did not want to inquire about her interactant's well-being with a heavy workload despite her belief that native Koreans would ask.